Principle Investigator: Wayne Angevine
Co-Investigators: Alison Grimsdell, Jim Warnock, Steve Cohn
PAM/ASTER Project Scientist: Tony Delany.
PAM/ASTER Project Engineer: John Militzer.
PAM/ASTER Field personnel: Tony Delany, Tom Horst, Kurt Knudson, Charlie Martin, Matt Michealis, John Militzer, Santiago Newbery, Steve Oncley.
The FLATLAND96 field study took place in east-central Illinois, approximately ten miles (16 Km) south west of Champagne/Urbana. Figure 1 indicates the location in east central Illinois. The Seymour, Bondville, Tolono and Ivesdale, Illinois quadrangles of the 7.5 minute U.S.G.S. topographic map series show the basically flat topography of the research area. Figure 2 illustrates the general topography of the research area, and indicates the location of the FLATLAND96 sites. Crop throughout the area is soybean and corn, typically cultivated by the quarter or half section.
The FLATLAND96 study was configured around the FLATLAND Atmospheric Observatory, Bondville Site, a permanent facility maintained by NOAA and the University of Illinois. Two other radar profiler sites were operated for the duration of FLATLAND96; the Monticello site and the Sadorus site. Three surface flux measurement sites were established in the vicinity, Stations 1, 2 and 3. The Base for the three SSSF Stations was located at the Bondville site. The latitude, longitude and elevation of the six FLATLAND96 sites are given in Table 1. The values were obtained by GPS survey and by examination of the USGS topographic maps. The elevation given for each of the three PAMIII sites is that of the PAM barometer. This instrument was located within the PAM enclosure one meter above the ground surface.
The facilities operated during FLATLAND96 at the six sites are given in Table 2
Figure 1. Location of FLATLAND96
TABLE 1 Location and elevation of the FLATLAND96 sites
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Site Latitude Longitude GPS Differential USGS Elevation
m m
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Bondville 40o 02' 57.79" 88o 22' 51.80" 0.0 212
Monticello 40o 01' 05.03" 88o 19' 43.48" -0.8 210
Sadorus 39o 58' 56.05" 88o 24' 00.28" -0.4 210
Station 1 40o 02' 51.89" 88o 22' 23.91" 2.0 212.8
Station 2 39o 59' 34.79" 88o 22' 58.47" 0.2 211.8
Station 3 39o 59' 08.56" 88o 22' 57.49" 0.5 212.3
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Figure 2. Topography of FLATLAND96 research area.
TABLE 2 Facilities at FLATLAND96 sites
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Site Facilities-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bondville Nine-panel radar profiler, RASS, ceiliometer, surface meteorological obser vations, and air chemistry monitoring equipment. Monticello ISS, UVDIALS, SABLE, 2 micron Lidar Sadorus ISS Station 1 Flux-PAM/ASTER Station 2 Flux-PAM Station 3 Flux-PAM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Station 1 and Station 2 were established in corn and Station 3 in soybean. Station 1 was located within the center of a half section of corn, but was only 15 meters from the southern edge of a 30 meter wide mowed grass embayment reaching 400 meters into the northern portion of the planting. Station 2 was located in the center of a half section of corn. Station 3 was located in the adjacent half section of soybean, 400 meters south of the edge of the half section of corn. The soybean crop at Station 3 was planted in two stages. North of Station 3 the crop was three weeks more mature than the crop to the south. Throughout the seventy day duration of the program the crop heights were monitored (see Tables 3, 4 and 5)
The corn to the south of Station1 was planted in E-W rows with a spacing of 30" (0.76 m) The corn around Station 1 was cultivar "Pioneer #3489". It was planted 22 May `96 and tasseled 15 July `96. The fertilizers, nitrogen (anhydrous ammonia), phosphorus and potassium (amounts not available) were all applied the previous Fall as part of a two year fertilizer program. No pesticides were applied.
TABLE 3 Crop height at Station 1
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Date North East South West SW*
The corn rows to the SW, SE and NW of Station 2 were oriented E-W. To the NE the rows were oriented N-S. However, all the rows in the immediate vicinity of the station were oriented N-S. The corn at Station 2 was cultivar, "Pioneer #3394" It was planted ~26 May `96 and tasseled ~ 1 August `96. The fertilizers, nitrogen (150 lb/acre), phosphorus (90 lb/acre) and potassium (120 lb/acre) were all
TABLE 4 Crop height at Station 2
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Date North East South West SW
applied the previous Fall as part of a two year fertilizer program. Pesticides (3/4 oz. Accent and 1 1/2 quart/acre) were applied to this crop
The soybean around Station 3 were planted in rows with spacing of 7.5" (0.19 m) The rows were oriented E-W except the end 10 meters of end rows which were N-S. The soybean crop at Station 3 was planted in two stages. North of Station 3 the crop was three weeks more mature than the crop to the south, where last years standing corn stubble was still apparent at the beginning of the program. The soybean at Station 3 was cultivar,"Pioneer #9381" The crop to the north was planted ~26 May `96. The fertilizers, phosphorus (90 lb/acre) and potassium (120 lb/acre) were applied last year as part of a two year program. Herbicide (3 oz/acre Persuant) had been applied.
TABLE 5 Crop height at Station 3
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Date North East South West SW*
Equipment arrived at the field site on 1 June 1996
Setup and checkout from 8 June - 14 June 1996.
Operational period 15 June - 23 August 1996; julian days 167 - 236, duration 70 days.
Tear-down commenced 24 August1996.
Although the PAM and PAM/ASTER stations operated continuously throughout the entire research period, certain period were designated Intensive Observational Periods. During designated IOP's four balloon sondes were launched each day, rather than the normal single balloon sonde. During these IOP's PAM and PAM/ASTER data interruptions were to be kept to a minimum avoiding any intrusive maintenance. The Intensive Observational Periods during FLATLAND96 were the days listed in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Intensive Observational Periods during FLATLAND96
------------------------------------------------------------- 20 June 25 June 5 Jul 11 Jul 25 Jul 1 Aug 2 Aug 5 Aug 6 Aug 7 Aug 9 Aug 13 Aug 20 Aug -------------------------------------------------------------
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