INDOEX C-130:  FLIGHT 11, 11 March 1999

Flight Scientists:  C. Twohy and V. Ramanathan

This was a closure flight with relatively clean clouds in the Southern
Hemisphere.  We also sampled polluted clouds of similar type nearby.
We lined up for a NOAA-14 satellite overpass, dropped a sonde and made 2
passes over KCO at the end of the flight.  Coordination with the
Citation and Mystere was planned, but both of the other flights were
cancelled.

UTC
03:12:34   Takeoff.
03:45   Level at 18K feet.
03:54   Dropsonde at about 72E, 2S in clear sky with no cirrus overhead.
04:20   Burst of ultrafine particles noted.  No visible convection nearby.
04:27   Start descent.
04:23   Dropsonde at 0.1S.  Boundary layer winds are 241-281 degrees.
04:35   Hit boundary layer around 1.8S, clear of clouds.  Aerosol measurements
         and visibility show air is still dirty.
04:51   Start 20 min leg at 100 ft for nephelometer test, heading south.
04:58   Seeing a few clouds on horizon.
05:12   Start 2100 ft run to measure clouds as we head south.  CN and
         light scattering are dropping, but not to background levels yet.
         Volatility measurements show substantial refractory material remains.
         Drop concentrations are up to 500/cm3.  Clouds are aligned roughly in
         E/W bands as we move south.
05:42   Clouds becoming more cumuliform.  CN still around 500/cm3.
05:45   Drop concentrations are lower and drops are larger.  CCN concentration
         also is dropping.
05:53   Seeing some drizzle.  CN under 400 now.  At 6.2S, CCN around 200,
         but volatility/DMA measurements indicate some pollution may still
         be present.
06:10   Near 7S, volatility increasing, DMA samples look cleaner.  Clouds
         becoming more complex/convective.
06:17   Descend below cloud, ascend through layer in spiral to above cloud,
         then ascend high enough to pick cloud band to work around 6.8S.
06:33   Descend to mid cloud level.
06:35-07:29   Cloud run; E/W track moved further north in middle to avoid
         convective clouds, pick up more stratocu.
07:31:30   Start below-cloud run about 300 feet below bases (1600 ft).
        May be some variation in aerosol properties between E and W end of
         track.
07:59   Ascend in spiral turn, picking larger cloud to try to stay in
         throughout ascent; finish standard ascent to 17 Kft at west end of
         track.
08:40   Start 17Kft radiation leg.
08:41:30   Dropsonde at 6.6S, 72.1E.
08:44   Spike of ultrafine particles observed.  Also observe dark thin layer
         clouds at about our level, mixed in with brighter thicker clouds.
09:05   Turn to north; ascend to 19Kft for ferry back.  Launch sondes at
         6S and every 2 degrees thereafter.
09:12   Another ultrafine spike.
09:57   Under light cirrus for past few minutes.
10:00   Turn to 347 heading for NOAA 14 overpass.  Hold heading for 15 minutes.
         Cirrus above cleared around 10:07.
10:15   Heading due north again.
10:24   Another ultrafine spike.
10:35   Steve reports increase in OPC (large particle) concentration
10:44   FSSP-300 (large particle) concentration increases.
11:24   Over Male.  Clouds all around at a variety of levels.  Begin descent
         toward KCO, staying above mid-level deck.
11:36   Dropsonde over KCO.  Start 10 minute run heading north.  Clouds above.
11:49   ADS display down 2nd time.
11:56   Start 10 min. leg at 2500 ft over KCO, catching a few clouds but
         mostly haze.
12:01   KCO is on our right (heading south).
12:06   Slow direct descent into Hululu for aerosol profiling.
12:15   Land.

Instrumentation Notes:
   CCN spectrometers had some down time this flight.
   2 ADS display drop-outs.
   One Lyman-alpha (VLA) and MASP inop;
   CONCN questionable (status light red few minutes of flight).