CSRM-derived parameterization issues
Overly deep convection and extensive cirrus a result of excessive detrainment of condensate.
Sensitivity to grid-scale moisture feedback from convective parameterization.
Parameterized overshoot-generated adiabatic cooling at cloud tops too strong, resulting in cold bias.
Over-prediction of low-level moisture attributed to parameterized downdrafts.
These shortcomings stem from the single-plume model used in the parameterization, which does not represent the trimodal distribution of cumulonimbus, congestus, and shallow convection observed by Johnson et al. (1999) and simulated by the CSRM.