CEOP_AP Western Indonesia Reference Site Kototabang Station

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Regional Hydroclimate Project:

CEOP_AP

formerly known as CAMP (CEOP Asian Monsoon Project)

Reference Site Name:

Western Indonesia (formerly Equatorial Island) Station Name:

Kototabang Other Stations at Reference Site:

Minankabau International Airport (MIA)

Reference Site Representative:

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Data Management Contact:

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Associated Web Sites:

Station Location, Maps and Google Earth Files:

Kototabang Local Station Map (click for full resolution):

Western Indonesia Regional Station Map (click for full resolution):

Google Earth .kmz file of CEOP_AP Western Indonesia Reference Site stations

Station Description:

General Description:

Meteorological (atmospheric RADAR) observations at Bukit Kototabang in Sumatera Island, Indonesia have been conducted since 1998 by Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University. An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) has also been established in 1999. Observational station is located on the mountainous range of steep mountains along to the western coast of Sumatera Island (Renggono et al., 2001; Widiyatmi et al., 2001; Murata et al., 2002).

Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) has been conducted surface and upper air observations to examine the distribution and the transportation processes of water vapour over the Indonesian maritime continent since 2001 under the research collaborations with the Indonesian Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) and RISH, Kyoto University (Wu et al., 2003; Mori et al., 2004; Sasaki et al., 2004; Sakurai et al., 2005; Mori et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2008; Yamanaka et al., 2008; Hamada et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2009; Sakurai et al., 2009).

Instruments at Kototabang (click for full resolution):

Station Operator: Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC)

Vegetation and Land Use:

Dominant land cover at the measurement location: secondary forest about 46% and shrubland about 54% of around GAW (83 ha). Apparently secondary forest is similar with mixed forest (USGS classification). Secondary forest clasification is more precisely due to natural and human induces make a virgin forest disturbance. Secondary forest which is used by definition of Chokkalingam and De Jong (2001).

Canopy height: No information.

Land cover within 50 m of site: No information.

Land cover within 500 m of site: No information.

Land cover within 12 km of site: No information.

Seasonal land cover changes: Based on NDVI data from May (trasition season after wet season) to June (Dry season) 2003, NDVI value changed from 0.57 to 0.65 (secondary forest) and from 0.53 to 0.66 (shurbland)

Major changes in land cover October 2002 to December 2004: We don't have data about a major change in land cover, How many wide area is this phenomenon etc?. But, when We have done an observation on July 2004, there were deforestation activities by local people in that location. About 10-15% (3.8 - 5.7 ha) of the secondary forest existing was cut to become open area or rejuvenation of secondary forest or shrubland.

Slope at the site: No information.

Other notes: None.

Soil Type and Characterization:

Surface soil type: Texture class (USDA triangle texture) i.e. Loam, silt loam, or sandy loam. Sand (3-52%), silt (20-80%), and Clay (10-23%). Soil surface depth was about 0-37 cm.

Soil type in deeper layers: Texture class (USDA triangle texture) i.e. Loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt clay loam, or clay. Sand (13-46%), silt (20-68.5%), and Clay (11-52%). Soil depth is about 15-76 cm.

Surface soil porosity: about 71.7-80.8%vol.

Soil porosity in deeper layers: about 66.4-79.6%vol.

Soil infiltration rate: For secondary forest, it was around 1.44-2.49 mm/minute or 86.4-149.4 mm/h. But for shrubland, it was about 0.35-1.67 mm/minute or 21.0-100.2 mm/h.

Bulk Dry Density: Based on methode of Richard and Fireman (1943) and Richards (1947), the BD was about 0.54-0.89 g/cm3

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: No information.

The Soil Reference Group(s) (from World Reference Base for Soil Resources) is Andosol soil.

Climate:

No information.

CEOP Parameters Measured and Instrumentation:

SURFACE METEOROLOGY AND RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:

Station pressure 1.5m PMT16A VAISALA (Finland)
Air Temperature 1.5m HMP45D VAISALA (Finland)
Dew point - (1.5 m derived)
Relative humidity 1.5m HMP45D VAISALA (Finland)
Specific humidity (1.5 m derived)
Wind speed 2m WMS302 VAISALA (Finland)
Wind direction 2 m WMS302 VAISALA (Finland)
U wind component (derived) (2 m)
V wind component (derived) (2 m)
Precipitation - 1.5m Rain-O-Matic Professional Pronamic
Snow depth - Not Measured
Incoming shortwave radiation - 1.5m SP Lite Kipp&Zonen (The Netherlands)
Outgoing shortwave radiation - Not measured
Incoming longwave radiation - Not measured
Outgoing longwave radiation - Not measured
Net radiation Not measured
Skin temperature - Not measured
Incoming Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - Not measured.
Outgoing Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - Not measured.
The met tower in Kototabang (click for full resolution):

METEOROLOGICAL TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:

No data of this type available at this station.

FLUX INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:

No data of this type available at this station.

SOIL INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:

No data of this type available at this station.

RADIOSONDE INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:

The radiosondes used at Kototabang are Vaisala RS80-15GH and the ground station used is Vaisala DigiCORA II MW15.

A radiosonde release at Kototabang (click for full resolution):

Site References

None provided.

Literature:

None provided.

Presentations:

MAHASRI (13 March 2007; Washington, DC, USA)
Introduction to CAMP Quality Control Data System (27 February 2006; Paris, France)
GAME/CAMP (10 March 2004; Irvine, California, USA)
GAME/CAMP (02 April 2003; Berlin, Germany)
CAMP Equatorial Island (6 March 2002; Tokyo, Japan)
CAMP Equatorial Island (6 March 2002; Tokyo, Japan)

Data Sets and Documentation: